On Goldstone bosons decoupling from high-lying hadrons

In this paper, we discuss a decoupling of the Goldstone bosons from highly excited hadrons in relation to the restoration of chiral symmetry in such hadrons. We use a generalised Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the interaction between quarks in the form of an instantaneous Lorentz-vector confining potential. This model is known to provide spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in the vacuum via the standard selfenergy loops for valence quarks. For highly excited hadrons, where the typical momentum of valence quarks is large, the loop contributions represent only a small correction to the chiral-invariant classical contributions and asymptotically vanish. Consequently the chiral symmetry violating Lorentz-scalar dynamical mass of quarks vanishes. Then the conservation of the axial vector current in the chiral limit requires, via the Goldberger-Treiman relation, that the valence quarks decouple from the Goldstone boson. As a consequence, the whole hadron decouples from the Goldstone boson as well, which implies that its axial constant also vanishes.Comment: RevTeX4, 21 pages, 5 Postscript figures, uses epsfig.sty, new chapter with numerical estimates added, to appear in Phys.Rev.

Статичні змішувачі в циркуляційних системах промивальної рідини бурових установок

The work of three static mixer designs in flushing fluid circulation systems of drilling rigs was studied taking into account the basic parameters of drilling mud. Modelling was carried out, and parametric slurry fields were obtained in the pipe work area, that is in a static mixer installation site and in the area of pipeline behind it. The following models were obtained: velocity fields, vorticity fields, turbulence intensity fields, scale turbulence fields along the travel path. Graphs of the parameters changes regarding the tube axis were plotted. The comparative analysis of patterns and curves was carried out. The rational design of static mixer for obtaining of optimum mud mixing technology features is grounded.Досліджено роботу трьох конструкцій статичного змішувача в циркуляційній системі промивальної рідини бурових установок, ураховуючи основні параметри бурового розчину. Виконано моделювання та отримано параметричні поля гідросуміші у робочій зоні труби, а саме в місці установки статичного змішувача і в зоні трубопроводу за ним. Отримано моделі: поля швидкостей, поля завихреності, поля інтенсивності турбулентності, поля масштабу турбулентностей по довжині шляху перемішування. Побудовано графіки зміни досліджуваних параметрів відносно осі труби. Виконано порівняльний аналіз моделей та кривих. Обґрунтовано раціональну конструкцію статичного змішувача для отримання оптимальних технологічних характеристик перемішування бурового розчину

On two- and three-body descriptions of hybrid mesons

Hybrid mesons are exotic mesons in which the color field is not in its ground state. Their understanding deserves interest from a theoretical point of view, because it is intimately related to nonperturbative aspects of QCD. In this work, we analyze and compare two different descriptions of hybrid mesons, namely a two-body $q\bar q$ system with an excited string, or a three-body $q\bar q g$ system. In particular, we show that the constituent gluon approach is equivalent to an effective excited string in the heavy hybrid sector. Instead of a numerical resolution, we use the auxiliary field technique. It allows to find simplified analytical mass spectra and wave functions, and still leads to reliable qualitative predictions. We also investigate the light hybrid sector, and found a mass for the lightest hybrid meson which is in satisfactory agreement with lattice QCD and other effective models.Comment: 2 figure

Slow cross-symmetry phase relaxation in complex collisions

We discuss the effect of slow phase relaxation and the spin off-diagonal $S$-matrix correlations on the cross section energy oscillations and the time evolution of the highly excited intermediate systems formed in complex collisions. Such deformed intermediate complexes with strongly overlapping resonances can be formed in heavy ion collisions, bimolecular chemical reactions and atomic cluster collisions. The effects of quasiperiodic energy dependence of the cross sections, coherent rotation of the hyperdeformed $\simeq (3:1)$ intermediate complex, Schr\"odinger cat states and quantum-classical transition are studied for $^{24}$Mg+$^{28}$Si heavy ion scattering.Comment: 10 pages including 2 color ps figures. To be published in Physics of Atomic Nuclei (Yadernaya fizika

On bosonic limits of two recent supersymmetric extensions of the Harry Dym hierarchy

Two generalized Harry Dym equations, recently found by Brunelli, Das and Popowicz in the bosonic limit of new supersymmetric extensions of the Harry Dym hierarchy [J. Math. Phys. 44:4756--4767 (2003)], are transformed into previously known integrable systems: one--into a pair of decoupled KdV equations, the other one--into a pair of coupled mKdV equations from a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy of Kupershmidt.Comment: 7 page

Generation time and utilization of energy by aquatic bacteria. [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 11(14), 198-202, 1966.]

Recent research has shown that the biomass of bacteria in lakes and other water-bodies can attain significant values. The huge production of bacteria is brought about by their great rate of reproduction. In a series of cases their biomass exceeds the biomass of phytoplankton. Therefore in a study of the biological productivity of water bodies it is necessary to calculate the biomass and production not only of the phyto- and zooplankton, but also of bacteria.The authors uses different methods and formulae to to compare the time of one generation of the bacteria